A Harvard professor admitted he regularly devoured Adderall to help make a book deadline. Prior to watching, I had some close friends and relatives with ADHD whose doctors prescribed the amphetamine for completely legitimate reasons. According to the National Institutes of Mental Health , 4.
Like all prescription medications, Adderall has risks that are crucial to understand. He was 24 when he hung himself at home. I can hear them, but am not taken in by them. I'm not late for things anymore… I have not spent a single day lying around my house doing nothing in the past few months. I have a budget, and a scheduler that I actually use. That spring when I watched the 60 Minutes broadcast I was on a deadline to finish a plus-page book.
After viewing the segment, I had a moment of insight. The first morning I swallowed the whole pill as prescribed , and within 30 minutes thought I was going to have a stroke. My heart and head were pounding, and I felt as if I were, well, on speed. Which I was—Adderall is, after all, an aggregation of amphetamines. US FDA pregnancy category C: Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks.
Risk Summary: There are insufficient data to determine a drug-associated risk of major congenital malformations or miscarriages; long-term neurochemical and behavioral effects have been reported in published animal developmental studies using clinically relevant doses of amphetamine. Comments: -Infants born to mothers dependent on amphetamines have an increased risk of premature delivery and low birth weight; these infants should be monitored for feeding difficulties, irritability, agitation, excessive drowsiness and other withdrawal symptoms.
In animal studies, no effects on morphological development were seen in rats and rabbits exposed to doses 2 and 12 times the maximum recommended human dose MRHD during organogenesis, respectively. However, long-term neurochemical and behavioral effects e. Fetal malformations and death as well as severe maternal toxicity were observed in mice following parenteral administration of d-amphetamine doses approximately 10 times the MRHD. Adverse pregnancy outcomes, including premature delivery and low birth weight, have been seen in infants born to mother's dependent on amphetamines.
This drug and others within the amphetamine class may cause vasoconstriction of placental blood vessels and increase the risk for intrauterine growth restriction. There are no controlled human data in pregnancy. US FDA pregnancy category Not Assigned: The US FDA has amended the pregnancy labeling rule for prescription drug products to require labeling that includes a summary of risk, a discussion of the data supporting that summary, and relevant information to help health care providers make prescribing decisions and counsel women about the use of drugs during pregnancy.
UK: Use is contraindicated during pregnancy. AU and US: Use is not recommended during pregnancy. Comments: -Infants born to mothers dependent on amphetamine drugs have an increased risk of premature delivery and low birth weight, and may experience withdrawal symptoms including dysphoria, agitation, hyperexcitabilitiy, and significant lassitude.
Although there are no controlled data in human pregnancy, the use of amphetamine drugs during early pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk of congenital malformations.
Additionally, there has been one report of severe congenital bony deformity, tracheoesophageal fistula, and anal atresia Vater association in an infant whose mother took this drug with lovastatin during the first trimester of pregnancy. Some animal studies have revealed evidence of embryotoxicity, teratogenicity, and reproductive toxicity.
Animal data also showed developmental delays, behavioral sensitization, and increased motor activity in animal offspring due to prenatal exposures at dose levels comparable to human therapeutic dose levels.
AU TGA pregnancy category B3: Drugs which have been taken by only a limited number of pregnant women and women of childbearing age, without an increase in the frequency of malformation or other direct or indirect harmful effects on the human fetus having been observed.
Studies in animals have shown evidence of an increased occurrence of fetal damage, the significance of which is considered uncertain in humans. The following applies to the ingredients: Amphetamine-Dextroamphetamine found in Adderall. Use is recommended during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the possible risk to the fetus. Comments: Infants born to mothers dependent on amphetamines have an increased risk of premature delivery and low birth weight, and may experience withdrawal symptoms e.
In the enantiomer ratio present in this drug, some animal studies show amphetamine had no apparent effects on embryofetal morphological development or survival while other data offspring effects e. Animal studies also reveal long-term neurochemical and behavioral effects with exposure to amphetamine d- or d-,l-isomers at doses similar to those used clinically. There has been one report of severe congenital bony deformity, trachea-esophageal fistula, and anal atresia vater association in an infant whose mother took dextroamphetamine sulfate with lovastatin during the first trimester of pregnancy.
There are no reported effects on fertility. Comments: -The effect on the neurological development of the breastfed infant has not been well studied. This drug does not appear to effect breastfeeding infants adversely in doses prescribed for medical indications, however, the effects on neurological development have not been well studied.
Manufacturers recommend against breastfeeding while taking this drug due to the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants. Breastfeeding should be avoided in women who are actively abusing amphetamines.
UK: Use is contraindicated during breastfeeding. AU and US: Breastfeeding is not recommended during treatment. Comments: -The effect of this drug in milk on the neurological development of a breastfed infant has not been well studied. Comments: -The effect of amphetamine and dextroamphetamine in milk on the neurological development of a breastfed infant has not been well studied.
Comments: -Breastfed infants should be monitored for drowsiness and decreased feeding. Escitalopram is not expected to cause adverse effects in breastfed infants, particularly in infants over 2 months of age. One case of necrotizing enterocolitis has been reported in a breastfed newborn whose mother was taking escitalopram during pregnancy and lactation; however, causality was not established. Maternal doses of escitalopram up to 20 mg per day lead to low levels in milk, approximately 3.
Both medications can cause psychological and physical dependence and can be misused or abused. However, Vyvanse may be less likely to be misused. This is because Adderall has a more immediate and intense effect when taken, which might be attractive to people who want to misuse it.
The costs of brand-name versions of Adderall and Vyvanse are similar. However, Adderall is also available in a generic form, while Vyvanse is not. The FDA has determined that the patent for Vyvanse is valid until It will be at least until then before a generic for Vyvanse is available.
Generic drugs are typically less expensive than brand-name drugs. But in some cases, the brand-name drug and the generic version may be available in different forms and strengths. However, there are some differences that might make you prefer one over the other. The Adderall tablet is taken one to three times daily. Adderall XR is taken just once daily.
Like Adderall, Ritalin also comes in two forms: an immediate-release Ritalin tablet and an extended-release capsule Ritalin LA. Ritalin tablet is taken two to three times daily, and Ritalin LA is taken once daily.
Generic versions of Ritalin also come in other dosage forms, including a chewable tablet and an oral liquid solution. These forms may be a good option for people who have a hard time swallowing pills. However, individual people may respond better to one than the other. Ritalin tablets may work slightly faster than Adderall. However, Adderall works for a slightly longer period of time than Ritalin:. Adderall and Ritalin are very similar medications. They also have similar side effects and drug interactions.
The cost of brand-name versions of Adderall and Ritalin are similar. The actual amount you pay will vary depending on your health insurance plan. Adderall and Ritalin are both available in generic forms. The generic name for Ritalin is methylphenidate. Adderall and Concerta methylphenidate extended-release are medications that are commonly used for ADHD.
They are both stimulant medications and work in a similar way. There are some differences that might make you prefer one over the other. Adderall is also approved for narcolepsy, but Concerta is not.
Concerta is used off-label to treat narcolepsy. Adderall comes in two forms: an immediate-release Adderall tablet and an extended-release capsule Adderall XR. One difference between the drugs is how fast they work and how long they last.
Adderall may work slightly faster, but Concerta lasts longer:. Adderall and Concerta are very similar medications. Both medications can cause psychological and physical dependence, and can be misused or abused. Both Adderall and Concerta are brand-name drugs. The generic name of Concerta is methylphenidate extended-release.
Adderall and modafinil, a generic drug, are both stimulant medications, but they affect the brain in slightly different ways. Modafinil increases wakefulness and alertness. Adderall can also stimulate wakefulness and, in people with ADHD , can produce feelings of calm and focus. Modafinil is approved to treat narcolepsy, shift-work sleep disorder, and sleep apnea. Modafinil is used off-label to treat ADHD. Both Adderall and modafinil are effective treatment options for daytime sleepiness in people who have narcolepsy.
Adderall is considered a first-choice medication for treating symptoms of ADHD. Adderall and modafinil are both stimulants and have some similar side effects. However, Adderall is more likely to cause side effects than modafinil. Both Adderall and modafinil can cause physical and psychological dependence leading to misuse or abuse. However, dependence appears to be more common with Adderall than modafinil.
Due to these differences in side effect risk, modafinil is often preferred over Adderall for treating narcolepsy. Adderall and modafinil are both available in brand-name and generic versions. The brand name of modafinil is Provigil. The generic versions of medications typically cost less. But in some cases, they may not be available in all strengths or forms as the brand-name drug.
The generic version and the brand-name version Provigil of modafinil usually cost more than the brand-name and generic versions of Adderall. Adderall is a stimulant medication that increases norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain and produces calm and focus in people with ADHD.
It works as a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor and increases the amount of norepinephrine in parts of the brain. Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter , a chemical that sends messages between cells. Adderall, a stimulant, is considered a first-choice treatment for ADHD. Stimulants are the best studied and most effective treatments for ADHD.
Adderall and Strattera are both available in brand-name and generic versions. The generic name of Strattera is atomoxetine. The brand and generic versions of Strattera usually cost more than the brand and generic versions of Adderall. Adderall and methylphenidate are both commonly used to treat ADHD.
Both are also used off-label for treating similar conditions, such as depression and anxiety , in combination with other medications.
The chewable and solution forms of methylphenidate may be good options for those who have trouble swallowing pills. Methylphenidate tablets may work slightly faster than Adderall. However, Adderall works for a slightly longer time than methylphenidate:. Adderall and methylphenidate are very similar medications. Adderall is a brand-name medication. Methylphenidate is a generic medication. Brand-name Adderall costs more than generic methylphenidate.
However, generic versions of Adderall cost about the same as generic methylphenidate. The exact cost will depend on your insurance. Deciding which medication to use may come down to which is covered by your insurance, the drug form that you prefer, and how your body responds to the medication. Picking the best medication is often a matter of trial and error. Your doctor will guide you through the process of finding the right medication for you. Consuming alcohol with Adderall can be a dangerous combination for some, especially for those who drink too much.
Drinking alcohol while taking Adderall can make you feel less drunk than you really are. This can lead you to drink too much.
In addition to other effects, drinking too much may worsen symptoms of ADHD. Consuming alcohol with Adderall can also increase your risk of heart-related side effects such as:. Adderall can interact with several other medications.
It can also interact with certain supplements as well as some foods. Different interactions can cause different effects. For instance, some can interfere with how well a drug works, while others can cause increased side effects. Below is a list of medications that can interact with Adderall.
Before taking Adderall, be sure to tell your doctor and pharmacist about all prescription, over-the-counter, and other drugs you take. Also tell them about any vitamins, herbs, and supplements you use. Sharing this information can help you avoid potential interactions. If you have questions about drug interactions that may affect you, ask your doctor or pharmacist. Medications that reduce the amount of acid in your stomach can increase the amount of Adderall your body absorbs.
This can raise your risk of side effects. Examples of acid-reducing drugs include:. Taking Adderall with MAOIs can increase the risk of dangerous side effects, such as very high blood pressure , chest pain , severe headache , and increased body temperature.
Taking Adderall with medications that increase serotonin in your body can raise your risk of developing serotonin syndrome , a drug reaction that can be dangerous. If you take any of these medications, you may need to start with a lower dosage of Adderall. Taking Adderall with a tricyclic antidepressant can increase the effects of Adderall in your body and increase your risk of heart-related effects and other side effects. Examples of tricyclic antidepressants include:.
Taking Adderall with certain medications that block how the body breaks down Adderall can result in an increased risk of serious side effects, including serotonin syndrome. If you take these medications, you may need to start with a lower dosage of Adderall. Examples of these medications include:.
Adderall and Xanax alprazolam are sometimes prescribed together, especially for those who have both ADHD and anxiety. Adderall helps improve concentration and focus, while Xanax is calming and can help relieve symptoms of anxiety. Adderall and Prozac fluoxetine are sometimes prescribed together, especially for people who have both ADHD and other conditions.
These conditions include depression, anxiety, panic attacks, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Adderall helps improve concentration and focus in people with ADHD.
Prozac is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor SSRI antidepressant that can improve symptoms of depression. These medications should only be taken together if your doctor prescribes them.
Combining Adderall and Prozac can increase your risk of developing serotonin syndrome , a drug reaction that can be dangerous. Adderall and Zoloft sertraline are sometimes prescribed together, especially for people who have both ADHD and other conditions such as depression, anxiety, panic attacks, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Zoloft is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor SSRI antidepressant that can improve symptoms of depression.
Combining Adderall and Zoloft can increase your risk of developing serotonin syndrome , a drug reaction that can be dangerous. Adderall can interact with certain vitamins, supplements, or herbs you may be taking.
Taking vitamin C supplements can make your stomach more acidic and can decrease the amount of Adderall your body absorbs. This can make Adderall less effective.
Supplements that affect serotonin can increase your risk of developing serotonin syndrome. Taking Adderall with marijuana cannabis can increase your risk of heart-related side effects.
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