P function. Statistical: Returns covariance, the average of the products of paired deviations. S function. Statistical: Returns the sample covariance, the average of the products deviations for each data point pair in two data sets. Compatibility: Returns the smallest value for which the cumulative binomial distribution is less than or equal to a criterion value. CSC function. Math and trigonometry: Returns the cosecant of an angle. CSCH function. Math and trigonometry: Returns the hyperbolic cosecant of an angle.
Cube: Returns a key performance indicator KPI name, property, and measure, and displays the name and property in the cell. A KPI is a quantifiable measurement, such as monthly gross profit or quarterly employee turnover, used to monitor an organization's performance.
Cube: Returns a member or tuple in a cube hierarchy. Use to validate that the member or tuple exists in the cube.
Cube: Returns the value of a member property in the cube. Use to validate that a member name exists within the cube and to return the specified property for this member. Cube: Returns the nth, or ranked, member in a set. Use to return one or more elements in a set, such as the top sales performer or top 10 students.
Cube: Defines a calculated set of members or tuples by sending a set expression to the cube on the server, which creates the set, and then returns that set to Microsoft Office Excel. Cube: Returns an aggregated value from a cube. Financial: Returns the cumulative interest paid between two periods. Financial: Returns the cumulative principal paid on a loan between two periods.
DATE function. Date and time: Returns the serial number of a particular date. Date and time: Calculates the number of days, months, or years between two dates. This function is useful in formulas where you need to calculate an age. Date and time: Converts a date in the form of text to a serial number. Database: Returns the average of selected database entries.
DAY function. Date and time: Converts a serial number to a day of the month. DAYS function. Date and time: Returns the number of days between two dates. Date and time: Calculates the number of days between two dates based on a day year.
DB function. Financial: Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified period by using the fixed-declining balance method. DBCS function. Text: Changes half-width single-byte English letters or katakana within a character string to full-width double-byte characters. Database: Counts the cells that contain numbers in a database.
DDB function. Financial: Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified period by using the double-declining balance method or some other method that you specify. Engineering: Converts a decimal number to binary.
Engineering: Converts a decimal number to hexadecimal. Engineering: Converts a decimal number to octal. Math and trigonometry: Converts a text representation of a number in a given base into a decimal number. Math and trigonometry: Converts radians to degrees. DELTA function. Engineering: Tests whether two values are equal. DEVSQ function. Statistical: Returns the sum of squares of deviations.
DGET function. Database: Extracts from a database a single record that matches the specified criteria. DISC function. Financial: Returns the discount rate for a security. DMAX function. Database: Returns the maximum value from selected database entries. DMIN function. Database: Returns the minimum value from selected database entries.
Financial: Converts a dollar price, expressed as a fraction, into a dollar price, expressed as a decimal number. Financial: Converts a dollar price, expressed as a decimal number, into a dollar price, expressed as a fraction. Database: Multiplies the values in a particular field of records that match the criteria in a database. Database: Estimates the standard deviation based on a sample of selected database entries.
Database: Calculates the standard deviation based on the entire population of selected database entries. DSUM function. Database: Adds the numbers in the field column of records in the database that match the criteria.
Financial: Returns the annual duration of a security with periodic interest payments. DVAR function. Database: Estimates variance based on a sample from selected database entries.
DVARP function. Database: Calculates variance based on the entire population of selected database entries. EDATE function. Date and time: Returns the serial number of the date that is the indicated number of months before or after the start date. Financial: Returns the effective annual interest rate. Date and time: Returns the serial number of the last day of the month before or after a specified number of months.
ERF function. ERFC function. Engineering: Returns the complementary error function. Engineering: Returns the complementary ERF function integrated between x and infinity. TYPE function. Information: Returns a number corresponding to an error type. Add-in and Automation: Converts a number to euros, converts a number from euros to a euro member currency, or converts a number from one euro member currency to another by using the euro as an intermediary triangulation.
EVEN function. Math and trigonometry: Rounds a number up to the nearest even integer. EXACT function. Text: Checks to see if two text values are identical.
EXP function. Math and trigonometry: Returns e raised to the power of a given number. Statistical: Returns the exponential distribution. Compatibility: Returns the exponential distribution. FACT function. Math and trigonometry: Returns the factorial of a number. Math and trigonometry: Returns the double factorial of a number.
FALSE function. Statistical: Returns the F probability distribution. FDIST function. Compatibility: Returns the F probability distribution. Lookup and reference: Filters a range of data based on criteria you define.
Text: Finds one text value within another case-sensitive. Statistical: Returns the inverse of the F probability distribution. FINV function. Compatibility: Returns the inverse of the F probability distribution. Statistical: Returns the Fisher transformation. Statistical: Returns the inverse of the Fisher transformation.
FIXED function. Text: Formats a number as text with a fixed number of decimals. FLOOR function. Compatibility: Rounds a number down, toward zero. Math and trigonometry: Rounds a number down, to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance. Statistical: Returns a value along a linear trend. ETS function.
Statistical: Returns a confidence interval for the forecast value at the specified target date. Statistical: Returns the length of the repetitive pattern Excel detects for the specified time series. STAT function. Statistical: Returns a statistical value as a result of time series forecasting. Statistical: Returns a future value based on existing values. Lookup and reference: Returns the formula at the given reference as text. Statistical: Returns a frequency distribution as a vertical array.
FTEST function. Compatibility: Returns the result of an F-test. FV function. Financial: Returns the future value of an investment. Financial: Returns the future value of an initial principal after applying a series of compound interest rates.
GAMMA function. Statistical: Returns the inverse of the gamma cumulative distribution. Compatibility: Returns the inverse of the gamma cumulative distribution. GAUSS function. Statistical: Returns 0.
GCD function. Math and trigonometry: Returns the greatest common divisor. Engineering: Tests whether a number is greater than a threshold value. Lookup and reference: Returns data stored in a PivotTable report. Statistical: Returns values along an exponential trend. Engineering: Converts a hexadecimal number to binary.
Engineering: Converts a hexadecimal number to decimal. Engineering: Converts a hexadecimal number to octal. Lookup and reference: Looks in the top row of an array and returns the value of the indicated cell. HOUR function. Date and time: Converts a serial number to an hour. Lookup and reference: Creates a shortcut or jump that opens a document stored on a network server, an intranet, or the Internet.
Statistical: Returns the hypergeometric distribution. Compatibility: Returns the hypergeometric distribution. IF function. Logical: Returns a value you specify if a formula evaluates to an error; otherwise, returns the result of the formula. IFNA function. IFS function. Logical: Checks whether one or more conditions are met and returns a value that corresponds to the first TRUE condition. IMABS function. Engineering: Returns the absolute value modulus of a complex number.
Engineering: Returns the imaginary coefficient of a complex number. Engineering: Returns the argument theta, an angle expressed in radians. Engineering: Returns the complex conjugate of a complex number.
IMCOS function. Engineering: Returns the cosine of a complex number. Engineering: Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a complex number. IMCOT function. Engineering: Returns the cotangent of a complex number. IMCSC function. Engineering: Returns the cosecant of a complex number. Engineering: Returns the hyperbolic cosecant of a complex number. IMDIV function.
Engineering: Returns the quotient of two complex numbers. IMEXP function. Engineering: Returns the exponential of a complex number. IMLN function. Engineering: Returns the natural logarithm of a complex number. IMLOG10 function. Engineering: Returns the base logarithm of a complex number. IMLOG2 function. Engineering: Returns the base-2 logarithm of a complex number. Engineering: Returns a complex number raised to an integer power. Engineering: Returns the product of complex numbers.
Engineering: Returns the real coefficient of a complex number. IMSEC function. Engineering: Returns the secant of a complex number. Engineering: Returns the hyperbolic secant of a complex number. IMSIN function. Engineering: Returns the sine of a complex number. Engineering: Returns the hyperbolic sine of a complex number. Engineering: Returns the square root of a complex number.
IMSUB function. Engineering: Returns the difference between two complex numbers. IMSUM function. Engineering: Returns the sum of complex numbers. IMTAN function. Engineering: Returns the tangent of a complex number. INDEX function. Lookup and reference: Uses an index to choose a value from a reference or array. Lookup and reference: Returns a reference indicated by a text value. INFO function. Information: Returns information about the current operating environment.
INT function. Math and trigonometry: Rounds a number down to the nearest integer. Statistical: Returns the intercept of the linear regression line. Financial: Returns the interest rate for a fully invested security.
IPMT function. Financial: Returns the interest payment for an investment for a given period. IRR function. Financial: Returns the internal rate of return for a series of cash flows. ISERR function. ISNA function. ISODD function. ISREF function. Math and trigonometry: Returns a number that is rounded up to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance.
Date and time: Returns the number of the ISO week number of the year for a given date. ISPMT function. Financial: Calculates the interest paid during a specific period of an investment. JIS function. Text: Changes half-width single-byte characters within a string to full-width double-byte characters. KURT function. Statistical: Returns the kurtosis of a data set.
LARGE function. Statistical: Returns the k-th largest value in a data set. LCM function. Math and trigonometry: Returns the least common multiple. Text: Returns the leftmost characters from a text value. Text: Returns the number of characters in a text string. LET function. Math and trigonometry: Assigns names to calculation results to allow storing intermediate calculations, values, or defining names inside a formula. Statistical: Returns the parameters of a linear trend. LN function.
Math and trigonometry: Returns the natural logarithm of a number. LOG function. Math and trigonometry: Returns the logarithm of a number to a specified base.
LOG10 function. Math and trigonometry: Returns the base logarithm of a number. Statistical: Returns the parameters of an exponential trend. Compatibility: Returns the inverse of the lognormal cumulative distribution. Statistical: Returns the cumulative lognormal distribution. Compatibility: Returns the cumulative lognormal distribution.
Statistical: Returns the inverse of the lognormal cumulative distribution. Lookup and reference: Looks up values in a vector or array.
LOWER function. MATCH function. Lookup and reference: Looks up values in a reference or array. MAX function. Statistical: Returns the maximum value in a list of arguments. MAXA function. Statistical: Returns the maximum value in a list of arguments, including numbers, text, and logical values. Each function accepts one or more parameters of a given type and returns a value of a given type. For example, the SUM function accepts two numbers and returns a number. Functions of different categories in Excel often return the same data type.
You can create a compound expression using functions in different categories as long as the data types match. Match the data type of the output from one function to the input data type required by another function when you use them together.
The formula uses the IF function to test if the divisor is greater than zero before it performs the division; otherwise it returns zero.
A function is a predefined formula that performs calculations using specific values in a particular order. Excel includes many common functions that can be used to quickly find the sum , average , count , maximum value , and minimum value for a range of cells.
In order to use functions correctly, you'll need to understand the different parts of a function and how to create arguments to calculate values and cell references. Optional: Download our practice workbook. In order to work correctly, a function must be written a specific way, which is called the syntax. Arguments contain the information you want to calculate.
The function in the example below would add the values of the cell range A1:A Arguments can refer to both individual cells and cell ranges and must be enclosed within parentheses. You can include one argument or multiple arguments, depending on the syntax required for the function.
This function contains only one argument. Multiple arguments must be separated by a comma. There are a variety of functions available in Excel.
Here are some of the most common functions you'll use:.
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