The Mayo Clinic offers trusted guidance on symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment of hemorrhoids. You can also find answers to specific questions about home remedies and hemorrhoid treatment during pregnancy.
Each episode of the Cleveland Clinic's Butts and Guts podcast explores a different digestive health issue, including this lively, informative one on hemorrhoids. By subscribing you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Health Topics. Health Tools. Reviewed: August 18, Medically Reviewed. Types of Hemorrhoids: Internal and External Hemorrhoids are either internal or external.
Other symptoms include: Bright red blood on toilet paper or in your stool after a bowel movement Itching in the anal area Pain in the anal area, especially when sitting Pain during bowel movements One or more hard, painful lumps around the anus If you experience any of these hemorrhoid symptoms , avoid excess straining, rubbing, or cleaning around the anus, which can make irritation and itching worse, and can even lead to bleeding.
Several conditions and habits are thought to cause hemorrhoids: Chronic constipation or diarrhea Straining too hard during bowel movements Sitting on the toilet for a long time Straining, constipation, and prolonged sitting can all affect the blood flow in the area, causing blood to not move at its expected rate known as pooling within the vessels, leading to hemorrhoids. Factors that raise your risk of developing hemorrhoids: Lack of fiber in the diet. Obesity: Being overweight can put pressure on the hemorrhoidal tissue.
Aging: As we get older, the connective tissue in the rectum and anus becomes weaker, potentially resulting in bulging hemorrhoids. Pregnancy: As the fetus grows and puts pressure on the abdomen, the veins in the rectum and anus may become enlarged. The problem typically goes away after birth. Hemorrhoids and Pregnancy Hemorrhoids are common during pregnancy, particularly in the third trimester, when the enlarged uterus puts pressure on the pelvis and the veins near the anus and rectum.
The following tips may help you prevent constipation: Get plenty of fiber in your diet. Hemorrhoid complications are rare. Complications may include: Anemia Bleeding from chronic hemorrhoids can cause anemia , or not having enough red blood cells.
Essential Orgs for Hemorrhoid Information National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIDDK In addition to basic info about symptoms, causes, and treatment, the NIDDK website offers recommendations on diet and nutrition — what to eat and what to avoid — as well as links to relevant clinical trials that may be seeking participants.
American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons This site provides a comprehensive review of what hemorrhoids are, what causes them, and how to treat them.
Mayo Clinic The Mayo Clinic offers trusted guidance on symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment of hemorrhoids. Favorite Podcast on Hemorrhoids Each episode of the Cleveland Clinic's Butts and Guts podcast explores a different digestive health issue, including this lively, informative one on hemorrhoids. Additional reporting by Deborah Shapiro.
Editorial Sources and Fact-Checking. Hemorrhoids: Expanded Version. Hemorrhoids: Diagnosis and Treatment. July 3, Diagnosis of Hemorrhoids. October Symptoms and Causes of Hemorrhoids.
Hemorrhoids: Symptoms and Causes. Hemorrhoids and What to Do About Them. Harvard Health Publishing. February 6, Treatment of Hemorrhoids. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. February 11, August 4, The Acute Management of Haemorrhoids. Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England.
Anorectal Conditions: Hemorrhoids. FP Essentials. March She or he may also examine the anal canal with an anoscope, a short plastic tube inserted into the rectum with illumination. If there's evidence of rectal bleeding or microscopic blood in the stool, flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy may be performed to rule out other causes of bleeding, such as colorectal polyps or cancer, especially in people over age Dramatic relief for most hemorrhoid symptoms can be found with simple, home remedies for hemorrhoids.
To avoid occasional flare-ups , try the following. Get more fiber. Add more fiber to your diet from food, a fiber supplement such as Metamucil, Citrucel, or Fiber Con , or both. Along with adequate fluid, fiber softens stools and makes them easier to pass, reducing pressure on hemorrhoids. High-fiber foods include broccoli, beans, wheat and oat bran, whole-grain foods, and fresh fruit. Fiber supplements help decrease hemorrhoidal bleeding, inflammation, and enlargement. They may also reduce irritation from small bits of stool that are trapped around the blood vessels.
Some people find that boosting fiber causes bloating or gas. Start slowly, and gradually increase your intake to 25—30 grams of fiber per day. Also, increase your fluid intake. Moderate aerobic exercise, such as brisk walking 20—30 minutes a day, can help stimulate bowel function. Take time. When you feel the urge to defecate, go to the bathroom immediately; don't wait until a more convenient time. Stool can back up, leading to increased pressure and straining. Also, schedule a set time each day, such as after a meal, to sit on the toilet for a few minutes.
This can help you establish a regular bowel habit. A sitz bath is a warm water bath for the buttocks and hips the name comes from the German "sitzen," meaning "to sit". It can relieve itching, irritation, and spasms of the sphincter muscle. Pharmacies sell small plastic tubs that fit over a toilet seat, or you can sit in a regular bathtub with a few inches of warm water. Most experts recommend a minute sitz bath after each bowel movement and two or three times a day in addition.
Take care to gently pat the anal area dry afterward; do not rub or wipe hard. You can also use a hair dryer to dry the area. Seek topical relief for hemorrhoids. Over-the-counter hemorrhoid creams containing a local anesthetic can temporarily soothe pain. Witch hazel wipes Tucks are soothing and have no harmful effects. A small ice pack placed against the anal area for a few minutes can also help reduce pain and swelling.
Finally, sitting on a cushion rather than a hard surface helps reduce the swelling of existing hemorrhoids and prevents the formation of new ones. Treat the clot. When an external hemorrhoid forms a blood clot, the pain can be excruciating. If pain is tolerable and the clot has been present for longer than two days, apply home treatments for the symptoms while waiting for it to go away on its own.
If the clot is more recent, the hemorrhoid can be surgically removed or the clot withdrawn from the vein in a minor office procedure performed by a surgeon. To perform a rubber band ligation, the clinician places a ligator over the hemorrhoid to position a rubber band around its base. Some hemorrhoids can't be managed with conservative treatments alone, either because symptoms persist or because an internal hemorrhoid has prolapsed.
Fortunately, a number of minimally invasive hemorrhoid treatments are available that are less painful than traditional hemorrhoid removal hemorrhoidectomy and allow a quicker recovery. Depending on your risk factors for gastrointestinal disease, your doctor may order an additional test like an anoscopy , sigmoidoscopy , or colonoscopy. Each of these tests involves your doctor using a small camera to diagnose any abnormalities in your anus, rectum, or colon.
An anoscopy examines the inside of your anus, a sigmoidoscopy examines the last 2 feet 50 centimeters of your colon, and a colonoscopy explores the entire colon. With this test, your doctor gets a clear view of the inside of your rectum so that they can examine the hemorrhoid up close. You can find a primary care doctor, gastroenterologist, or other specialist near you through the Healthline FindCare tool.
To minimize pain, soak in a warm tub of water for at least 10 minutes every day. You can also sit on a warm water bottle to relieve the pain of external hemorrhoids. Find out how to make a warm compress at home. If the pain is unbearable, use an over-the-counter OTC medicated suppository , ointment, or cream to relieve the burning and itching.
You can find hemorrhoid suppositories online or in stores. Two common supplements of this type are psyllium and methylcellulose. OTC topical treatments, such as hydrocortisone or hemorrhoid cream, can ease your discomfort from hemorrhoids. Witch hazel pads can offer hemorrhoid relief as well.
You can buy both hydrocortisone and hemorrhoid cream online. Soaking your anus in a sitz bath for 10 to 15 minutes per day can also help.
Practice good hygiene by cleaning your anus with warm water during a shower or bath every day. Also avoid using dry or rough toilet paper when you wipe after a bowel movement. Using a cold compress on your anus can help reduce hemorrhoid swelling. Pain relievers, such as acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or aspirin can also alleviate the pain or discomfort. Learn how to make a cold compress at home. This procedure involves the doctor cutting off circulation to the hemorrhoid by placing a rubber band around it.
This causes loss of circulation to the hemorrhoid, forcing it to shrink. This procedure should only be performed by a medical professional. In this procedure, your doctor injects a chemical into the blood vessel directly. This causes the hemorrhoid to reduce in size. To prevent or avoid worsening hemorrhoids, avoid straining during a bowel movement. Also, try to increase your water intake.
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